ERC-20: Tsarin Token na Ethereum wanda Ya Sauya Duniya

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Insight

Bukatar daidaitaccen tsarin token interface

Kafin zuwan daidaitaccen tsarin ERC-20 (Ethereum Request for Comments 20), blockchain na Ethereum ya kasance kamar Dajin Yamma (Wild West) na tsarin gine-ginen token. Kowane sabon token da aka ƙirƙira yana da nasa tsarin dokoki, ayyuka, da tsarin interfaces na musamman. Wannan ba kawai ya sanya wa masu haɓakawa (developers) wani tsarin koyo mai wuyar gaske ba, har ma ya kawo cikas ga haɗin gwiwar aiki tsakanin tokens. A zahiri, kowane sabon token ya kasance kamar sabon yare ne da ke buƙatar koyo, fahimta, da aiwatarwa. Wannan rarrabuwar ta hana ci gaba da kuma karɓuwa mai faɗi na tokens a dandalin Ethereum.

Gabatar da tsarin ERC-20 ya zama kamar yare ɗaya mai haɗa kai, wanda ya shimfiɗa jerin dokoki da ayyuka na gama gari waɗanda duk tokens na Ethereum dole ne su bi su. Yanzu, masu haɓakawa suna da daidaitaccen tsarin interface don yin aiki da shi, ba tare da la'akari da token ɗin da ake magana a kai ba. Wannan daidaitawar ta sauƙaƙa hanyoyin mu'amala da token, wanda ya ba da damar haɗa kai cikin sauƙi a cikin aikace-aikace da ayyuka daban-daban. Sakamakon haka, masu haɓakawa za su iya mu'amala ta hanya mai ma'ana tare da tokens, suna samar da muhallin da ke tallafa wa ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire da haɓaka a cikin muhallin Ethereum.

Dajin Yamma (Wild West) na tsarin gine-ginen token

A da farko an tsara blockchain na Ethereum ne don tallafawa nau'in token guda ɗaya: ETH. Koyaya, yayin da dandalin ya ƙara shahara, masu haɓakawa sun fara ƙirƙirar nasu tokens don wakiltar kadarori da ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Wannan ya haifar da yawaitar tsarin gine-ginen token daban-daban, kowanne yana da nasa tsarin dokoki da ayyuka na musamman.

Wannan rarrabuwar ta sa ya yi wuya ga masu haɓakawa su ƙirƙiri aikace-aikacen da za su iya mu'amala da tokens da yawa. Ya kuma sa ya yi wuya ga masu amfani su sarrafa kadarorin token ɗinsu a kan dandamali daban-daban.

Tsarin ERC-20

An gabatar da tsarin ERC-20 ne a shekarar 2015 don magance ƙalubalen da Dajin Yamma (Wild West) na tsarin gine-ginen token ya haifar. Tsarin yana bayyana jerin dokoki da ayyuka na gama gari waɗanda duk tokens na Ethereum dole ne su bi su. Wannan daidaitawar tana sauƙaƙa wa masu haɓakawa ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen da za su iya mu'amala da kowane token na ERC-20, kuma tana sauƙaƙa wa masu amfani sarrafa kadarorin token ɗinsu.

Al'ummar Ethereum sun karɓi tsarin ERC-20 sosai. A yau, akwai fiye da tokens na ERC-20 guda 200,000 da ke akwai, kuma ana amfani da tsarin a cikin aikace-aikace daban-daban, gami da kasuwannin musanya na bai-ɗaya (decentralised exchanges), dandamalin bayar da lamuni, da dapps na wasanni.

Idea

Jerin ayyuka da kaddarori na gama gari na duk tokens

Tsarin ERC-20 yana bayyana jerin ayyuka guda shida masu mahimmanci waɗanda duk wani token mai bin ka'idojin ERC-20 dole ne ya aiwatar da su. Waɗannan ayyukan sune:

transfer(address to, uint256 amount): Yana tura adadin tokens daga adireshin mai kira zuwa adireshin da aka kayyade.
approve(address spender, uint256 amount): Yana ba wa adireshin da aka ƙayyade izinin kashe adadin tokens a madadin mai kiran.
allowance(address owner, address spender): Yana dawo da adadin tokens ɗin da aka amince wa mai kashe kuɗi da aka ƙayyade ya kashe a madadin mai mallakar da aka ƙayyade.
totalSupply(): Yana dawo da jimillar adadin tokens da ke yawo.
balanceOf(address owner): Yana dawo da adadin tokens ɗin da adireshin da aka ƙayyade ya mallaka.
name(): Yana dawo da sunan token ɗin.
symbol(): Yana dawo da alamar (symbol) token ɗin.

Tsarin ERC-20 yana bayyana wasu abubuwa biyu (events) waɗanda dole ne a fitar da su bayan nasarar aiwatar da ayyukan da suka dace. Waɗannan abubuwan sune:

Transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount): Ana fitar da shi lokacin da aka tura adadin tokens daga wani adireshin zuwa wani.
Approval(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount): Ana fitar da shi lokacin da aka amince wa adireshin da aka ƙayyade ya kashe adadin tokens a madadin mai mallakar da aka ƙayyade.

Impact

Haɓakar DeFi da karɓar Ethereum

Tsarin ERC-20 ya sami babban tasiri a kan muhallin Ethereum. Ya kasance babban mai taimakawa ga yunkurin DeFi (Decentralized Finance), sannan ya taimaka wajen haɓaka karɓar Ethereum.

Dandamali na DeFi, waɗanda ke ba da sabis na kuɗi daban-daban tun daga bayar da lamuni zuwa sarrafa kadarori, sun dogara kacokan akan tokens don sauƙaƙa ma'amaloli. Tare da ERC-20 yana aiki azaman adafta ta gama gari (universal adapter), ya fi sauƙi ga aikace-aikacen DeFi su haɗa da faɗaɗan nau'ikan tokens ba tare da sun tsara lambobinsu na musamman ga kowane ɗayansu ba.

Tsarin ERC-20 ya kuma sauƙaƙa wa masu amfani damar sarrafa kadarorin token ɗinsu. Domin tokens ɗin suna bin ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun iri ɗaya, masu amfani sun fi samun sauƙin turawa, kashewa, da sarrafa kadarorin token ɗinsu a kan dandamali da yawa. Wannan ƙwarin gwiwa na ƙwarewar mai amfani ya kasance babban abin da ya haifar da haɓakar ƙimar karɓar Ethereum.

Incentive

Rage farashin haɓakawa da ingantaccen tsaro

Daidaitawar da yarjejeniyar ERC-20 ta kawo ta sami tasirin tattalin arziki na kai tsaye kuma. Ta hanyar samar da wani tsari da aka gwada kuma al'umma ta amince da shi don ƙirƙirar token, ya rage shingen shiga ga masu haɓakawa sosai. Yanzu za su iya ƙirƙirar sabon token tare da rage farashin haɓakawa da kuma saurin fitarwa kasuwa, tunda ba lallai ne su sake ƙirƙirar dabarar da ke akwai ba. Tsarin kuma yana ƙarfafa ƙirƙirar DApps (Decentralised Applications) da sabis waɗanda za su iya mu'amala ta ko'ina tare da kowane token na ERC-20, ta haka yana haɓaka muhalli mai ƙarfi.

Wani fa'ida mai mahimmanci shine na ingantaccen tsaro. Tsarin ERC-20 ya fuskanci bincike mai zurfi daga al'ummar Ethereum, wanda ya sa ya zama samfuri mai ƙarfi da tsaro don aiwatar da token. Bin wannan tsarin yana nufin cewa muhimman sassa na smart contract na token ɗin suna bin mafi kyawun ayyuka da al'umma ta amince da su. Wannan yana rage haɗarin matsalolin tsaro waɗanda in ba haka ba za su iya faruwa daga tsarin token da ba a tsara shi da kyau ba. Kodayake ba garanti ba ne a kan kowane nau'in rauni, babban mataki ne na tabbatar da cikakken tsaron tokens da kuma ayyukan da ke amfani da su.

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An duba na ƙarshe a 2026-06-23.

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Sake buga wannan labari

ERC-20: Tsarin Token na Ethereum wanda Ya Sauya Duniya — Sebastien Rousseau

ERC-20 shine mafi yawan nau'in token da ake amfani da shi a blockchain na Ethereum, wanda kuma ana kiransa kwangilar dijital ta smart contract.

An lasisin wannan labari a karkashin Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Sake bugawa na bukatar nuna asalin URL na asali.

ERC-20: Tsarin Token na Ethereum wanda Ya Sauya Duniya — Sebastien Rousseau

ERC-20 shine mafi yawan nau'in token da ake amfani da shi a blockchain na Ethereum, wanda kuma ana kiransa kwangilar dijital ta smart contract.

Originally published at https://sebastienrousseau.com/ha/2018-01-24-the-erc-20-token-standard/ by Sebastien Rousseau.
Licensed under CC-BY-4.0.

SEBASTIEN ROUSSEAU FOUNDER · ENGINEER